Detection and Tracking of Arbitrary Objects in Video

Detection and Tracking of Arbitrary Objects in Video Kleanthis Constantinou Abstract— Detection and tracking of arbitrary objects in video is a technique which detect object and an object tracker follows that object even when the detectable part cannot be seen. The goal to detect an object in video or image is to determine whether there are any defined object in the video and return their locations, for example the object can be individual team members in a video showing sports, and it’s also been useful for the police in hot pursuit of vehicle by detecting the vehicle while moves. In this paper includes an analyses a methodology for detecting and tracking arbitrary objects in videos and documentaries. This work will explain how a moving object can allow deriving and maintaining a dynamic template of each moving objects. INTRODUCTION This paper will examine and analyze the paths followed for the implementation of a system that makes the detection and tracking of an arbitrary object possible. In addition the paper will point out the importance of embedding such a system in surveillance systems enhancing the need of those systems upon collecting cohesive temporal information though such an implementation. Section II will distinguish need for implementing such a system and how it can benefit its host. Section III will be stating the structure and the techniques used to properly manage the events of tracking and detection of an arbitrary object. Section IV will refer to the variety of problems disclosed in detection and tracking systems such as operation interference, while in addition it will state the required precautions that need to take place in order to prevent any operation interference and allow the system to run efficiently and effectively enhancing its accuracy. Section V will briefly explain the different types of surveillance systems and how they can be accessible. Lastly Section VI will display the steps followed in a moving detection system. In Video analysis the first step is the detection of moving objects and the areas which can be used are surveillance videos, tracking and monitoring people and traffic, therefore in this section we will be stating some examples on how the system works from a camera view and how effective the system can react. II. Reasons The reasons for providing an algorithm to make possible the detection of video objects is due to the need of acquiring data to be forced as an input to a computer based vision application. The application’s goal is to rebut tracking objects in the scene considering parameters in the background and the camera. Background based variables include the variation of light and objects that can change their status from moving to stopped and vice versa. The algorithm consists of two parts, the object detection which is light in terms of programming and a second part which is based on a more sophisticated structure that functions behalf of detecting objects in videos. The process of locating and tracking a moving object in video over time can be done by using a camera. Detection and tracking does not satisfy the purpose of extracting information’s but also to make implementation of systems such as traffic control, security and surveillance, medical imaging, human computer interaction, video communication and compression, augmented reality and video editing possible. Establishing correspondence of objects parts between consecutive frames of video it is the main goal of the tracking. The task of this application provides us with data that are used to enhance lower level processing like motion segmentations and data extraction such as activity analysis and behavior recognition which categorized as higher level processing. Methods and algorithms of detection and tracking The tracking and detection methods are categorized based on how an application can use them. Generally object tracking systems are adequate for outdoor surveillances videos where tracking parts of an object is necessary for several indoor surveillance systems. It is necessary to distinguish objects from each other in order to track and analyze their actions reliably. The main methods for object tracking include firstly the correspondence matching points and secondly to carry out explicit tracking by making use of position prediction or motion estimation. The techniques used for designing surveillance camera systems include the use of stationary cameras to allow the segmentation of each image into a set of regions representing the moving objects by using background differencing, and by using the method of k-Gaussian expand the video processing and allowing process of real stream videos with time varying background and without dedicated hardware. Figure 1: Tracking block diagram The diagram above shows the main blocks followed for object detection and tracking, where foreground and background are the basis for defining images. The information extraction in this scenario includes object attributes and features that could be used in applications and real time video applications. The Methods which classified as point detectors, background subtraction and segmentation is object detection. The information expected to be derived from the tracker is the trajectory of the path which has been followed from a moving object over time by locating its position in every individual video frame. The use of detection and tracking algorithms include implementation of techniques such as: data mining neural network artificial intelligence wireless sensor network biometrics. IV. Problems and Solutions Based on statements made in section II, background changes refers to light changing scenarios such as an outdoor scene, clouds covering the sun and for an indoor scenario such as turning off the lights. By considering those two factors there is problem for an object to be detected and tracked. So the approach cannot be based on frame difference where frame rate it is also depended on the object speed. From this perspective the attention must be laid on the moving object detection based on the background suppression where background model is computed and evolved frame by frame. Clarifying that statement object motion is defined by the difference between the current frame and the background model. Apart from that there must be a high response rate between the changing nature of background and reliable background model computation. Then a model must deal with erroneous ghost detection which includes objects in background that appear as moving in order to be able to compute the differenc e between those objects original position and the position that those objects where projected to after performing motion. Another puzzling fact that makes the algorithm more difficult and not approachable were the existence of shadows and moving objects while the associated shadows are sharing the same features of visual such as detectability and motion, so when the background is updated, the shadows and the moving objects are detected and grouped at the same time. The tasks that are affected by shadows its object classification and the assessment of moving object. This kind of problem mostly affects a system that controls the traffic which is evaluating the trajectories of vehicles. To eliminate such problems the approach of shadow detection needs to be defined and suppressed based on a color analysis HSV space. Another thing that interferes with the processes of tracking and detecting objects in video is the availability of video sensor, the zoom capabilities and videos streams acquired by moving platforms. In such situations the background differing techniques cannot be used because they rely on stabilization algorithm for canceling the motion of cameras, and because the stabilization and the detection are based on the background and cannot perform perfectly since it requires stabilization algorithms in order to affine the perspective model for motion compensation where the quality of compensation depends on the observed scene. To increase the accuracy of detecting a moving object we used a stabilization algorithm that locates regions of an image where this region detecting the normal component of the optical flow field. Surveillance Surveillance systems is been used for monitoring of the behavior, activities or other changing information and more often of people for influencing, managing, directing or protecting them. Such surveillance system serving government and law to enforcement to maintain social control, giving the privilege to prevent or eliminate threats because of the services suck monitoring and recognition which surveillance systems provide. Types where this kind of program and technologies are used: Computers: where responsible for the monitoring of data and traffic through internet, which is categorized in real time monitoring Computer surveillance is used monitoring all phones calls, emails, web traffic; instant messaging etc. Telephones: the official and unofficial tapping telephone lines, the program which is on use for monitoring it is on real time. By using speech to text software creates this kind of algorithm intercept audio and then processed by automated call analysis program where search for certain key words or phrases. Social network analysis: Creating social map network based on data were collected from Facebook, twitter from social sites and from phones call records. Biometrics: this kind of technology its for human analysis for their physical characteristics such fingerprinting, DNA and facial patterns. The technique used is called facial recognition and is based on person’s facial features to accurately identify them from video surveillance. Aerial: Aerial: is an airborne vehicle surveillance which is collecting visual imagery or video. Because this kind of system extraction is high resolution imagery of identification object of extremely long distance it require to use a surveillance hardware such as micro aerial vehicle Data mining and profiling: Data mining is mathematical algorithm method and statistical techniques to identify previously unnoticed relationships within the data. And the process of assembling information about a particular individual or group is called Data profiling which is use of generate profile.. Such application is use for economic and social transactions where the amount of data is large where application is working by following the electronic trail. Every transaction nowadays is electronic, resulting in an electronic trail like credit card, phone card, rented video etc. The most common type of Surveillance systems include utilization of cameras in order to survey a particular space. Surveillance videos up until now consisted of systems analogous to three differentiated generations, 1GSS, 2GSS, and 3GSS. The first generation was used for controlling a room using various cameras at different positions where the role controller was a person. The second generation involved the use of digital and analog subsystems where digital video was focusing on real time detection consequently giving the video human operators for filtering out spurious events. The third generation systems provide end-to-end digital systems followed by today’s video object detection systems. Examples From Video analysis Crossing line detection: The object is detected when a moving object crossing the â€Å"safety† line through the video processing. The safety line can be setup base on the background and the various security zones in arbitrary shapes within the cameras view. So when the object crosses the line the program will automatically activate the alarm and the object will be marked with an alert frame so that the system will mark its moving trace and will alert security personnel to pay attention to the object recognizing it as intruder. Figure 2: moving object crossing the safety line Appearing detection: when an object appears within the camera view alert detects and identifies it as a moving object, if the object behavior is according to the pre-defined alert condition the system will alarm and detect its moving tracks. This system will automatically detect any moving object like human vehicle in a designated area. Figure 3: Moving vehicle Guarding region Entry detection: By setting various security zones in arbitrary shape with in cameras view and through the intelligent video processing technique, automatically will detect moving objects such as human animals, vehicle etc. and if the object does not met the predefined rules when they entered to the security zone then alarm will alert and the object will be marked with an alert frame. Figure 4: Security zone in arbitrary shape Leaving detection: Can set alert areas or regions when an item is removed from its region and indicate its track using alarm frame when the object is removed from it position. Prevent prison break and kids who left the safe place from the kindergarten. Figure 5: Alert area or region CONCLUSION In this paper we analyzed the fact that a system for tracking and detection is necessary for computer vision application implementations such as video compression, video surveillance, vision based control, human computer interfaces, medical imaging, augmented reality etc. this kind of systems provide key tasks for monitoring and controlling applications by providing input data to video databases such content based indexing and retrieval. Reference point [1].http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=arnumber=784651url=http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=784651 [2]. http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.3288 [3]. http://www.google.com/patents/US20130322689 [4]. http://www.slideshare.net/yuhuang/object-processing11 [5]. http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~wdn/myresearch.html [6]. http://jivp.eurasipjournals.com/content/2013/1/42 [7].http://www.reoll.com/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=5Itemid=8lang=en [8]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_tracking [9]. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSL_and_HSV

How to Take Care Your Hair

TUNKU ABDUL RAHMAN COLLAGE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCE & HUMANITIES CERTIFICATE IN MASS COMMUNICATION (PUBLIC RELATIONS) YEAR 2012/2013 AHCC1033 PRESENTATION TECHNIQUES FOR MASS COMMUNICATION COURSE WORK INDIVIDUAL PRESENTATION NAME : LILY CHAN CHOY LI ID NO : 12AHC07160 CLASS : CPR TOPIC : HOW TO TAKE CARE YOUR HAIR MARKS ALLOCATION TABLE :Topic selected| /20%(marks are based on the topic’s difficulties and abilities to generate interests and curiosities among the audience)| DeliveryVoice ( /10%)Body language ( /10%)Eye contact & facial expression ( /10%)| /30%| Content of the speechIntroduction ( /5%)Body ( /5%)Conclusion ( /5%)Organization ( /5%)| /20%| Visual/ audio aids| /15%|Language| /15%| Total| /100%| Title: How to take care to your hair. Name: Lily Chan Choy Li General Purpose: To share Specific Purpose: To share 6 steps to take care your hair Time: 5 minutes 1. INTRODUCTION A. Have you always wanted that long, thick, shiny volumized bouncy hair? B. Although there are no magic tricks to quickly make your hair grows faster, you can try the following steps to get thicker and fuller hair fast.C. Hair is a part of our image, having a healthy and tidy hair really will give others a good impression. D. I will take about 5 to7 minutes to share with you 6 steps to take care your hair. 2. BODY/ CONTENT * I would like to begin with, Step 1-Visit the hairdressers. If you have any split ends, dead ends on your hair that look brittle and dry, visit the hairdressers as soon as possible! You have to cut your hair at least every six months. Your hair will not only look thicker but will look much healthier.Step 2- Use the suitable shampoo and conditioner. Go to your nearest beauty store and ask for a volumizing shampoo and conditioner. You should use conditioner because it will keep your hair healthy and shiny also de-tangled. *I already covered the step 1 and step 2, let’s move on to Step 3-Hair treatments. While you're buying your new shampoo, also ask for a few hair treatments to keep your hair shiny. A better choice is using natural ingredients like use egg yolk. Leave it in for 20-30 minutes and repeat twice a week.It will make your hair thicker and shinier. Step 4- If you blow dry your hair, do it upside down. It will make your hair thicker than usually. Put leave on conditioner before you blow dry your hair. It can protect your hair damage by the heat. *Ladies and gentlemen now I would like to continue with, Step 5-Relax and sleep about 7-8 hours in a day to make your hair grow faster. Factors like sleep deprivation and stress trend are often associated with the problem of hair loss. Step 6-Exercise regularly to improve circulation and metabolism, which aids n faster and thicker hair growth. While swimming, wear a cap to avoid damage due to chlorinated water of the pool. 3. CONCLUSION Ladies and gentlemen, I’ve come to the end of my talk. Let me sum up by saying that cut your hair at least every six months, choose a su itable shampoo and conditioner brands, , sleep and rest enough and get exercise, there are all the step to let you having a beautiful black hair. In conclusion, I hope you enjoy my presentation. Thanks for attention and spending precious time.

Characteristics Of Alcoholic Parents And How Alcohol...

Having one or two parents that suffer from alcoholism can affect many aspects of a child’s well-being. The consumption of alcohol can alter a person’s thought process and decision making. When a parent has a dependency on alcohol, it affects the decision making not only in their life, but the life of their child’s. An addiction to alcoholism can change the parent’s parenting style in the moment of consumption and in between alcohol consumption, whiles they are sober. Children of alcoholics (COA’s) are at risk for different problems, both internalized and externalized issues. Some of these issues that COA’s may face include, school struggle and failure, emotional problems, and behavioral problems. COA’s are at higher risk for these issues, but not all of them will have the same problems and many may not have any significant problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the characteristics of alcoholic parents and how alcohol depende ncy may influences their children’s well-being. This paper will cover two main areas of in which COA’s may struggle will be examined, including school failure, socio-emotional adjustment. Resilience and coping abilities will also be discussed since not all COAs develop these issues. Alcoholic Parents There are different parenting styles. Alcohol consumption can affect the way parents raise their children. One difference between parenting styles is the degree of warmth versus harshness towards the child. Alcohol consumption can affect howShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Alcohol On Family Relationships1953 Words   |  8 Pagesexplains the effects alcohol can have on relationships and individuals, whether that is relating to physical or mental health. Marital and family relationships are significant types of bonds that can be destroyed by the mental illness of alcoholism. Abuse and detachment are two of the most common factors that can result from the way alcohol weakens relationships. Drinking can mend the mental health of an alcoholic in many harmful ways. Depression and anxiety can be the cause as well as the effect ofRead MoreEffects of Alcohol on the Family2174 Words   |  9 PagesAlcohol Dependence, also known as alcoholism, is a very widespread disabling addictive disorder, affecting 4% of Canadians. Alcoholism may start innocuously, due to the acceptability of social drinking, but over time, can lead to serious health problems, including brain, kidney and liver damage. Although alcoholics seem to be doing the most damage to themselves, they are hurting their families even more. Lesser-known, but just as serious victims of alcohol abuse are the alcoholics’ children. TheRead MoreThe Family Disease Model And The Multisystemic Family Therapy Model Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pagesare not addicted may become codependent on the addict for their emotional or material support. 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Whether a substance is legal or illegal, however, may have nothing to do with its potential for addiction or harm: alcohol and nicotine, both addictive and harmful, are legal in most countries because they generate substantialemployment or government revenue through taxes. Abuse To use wrongly or improperly; misuse: abuse alcohol; abuse a privilege. or Improper use or handling; misuse: abuse of authority; drug abuse. What Are theRead MoreSubstance Abused Disorder9645 Words   |  39 Pagesdefined as a compulsive or chronic requirement. The need is so strong as to generate distress (either physical or psychological) if left unfulfilled (Townsend, 2006). Dependence on substances is identified by the appearance of unpleasant effects characteristic of a withdrawal syndrome when a drug is discontinued. Dependence on substances can also be associated with tolerance, in which there is a 65 04Townsend(F)-04 8/23/07 6:27 PM Page 66 66 ââ€"  ALTERATIONS IN PSYCHOSOCIAL ADAPTATION

Barriers to Communication - 2194 Words

9/5/2014 BY- NAME: RAHUL MOTWANI ENROLL NO: 14531024 CLASS: FY MBA Managerial Communication | Essay- Barriers To Communication | Barriers To Communication Communication is the process of transmitting information. The information can be transferred through the exchange of ideas, feelings, intentions, attitude, exceptions, perceptions or commands. The communication is done with the intention to deliver the message to the receiver. The communication involves a thought process. There are many a times at the time of the communicating barriers may occur and this may lead to miscommunication. The miscommunication can originate at the three levels: at the level of the transmitter, of the medium or the receiver. Anything that†¦show more content†¦SEMANTIC BARRIER There is always a possibility of misunderstanding the feelings of the sender of the message or getting a wrong meaning of it. The words, signs, and figures used in the communication are explained by the receiver in the light of his experience which creates doubtful situations. This happens because the information is not sent in simple language (i) Badly Expressed Message: Because of the obscurity of language there is always a possibility of wrong interpretation of the messages. This barrier is created because of the wrong choice of words, in civil words, the wrong sequence of sentences and frequent repetitions. (ii) Words with Different Meanings: A symbol or a word can have different meanings. If the receiver misunderstands the communication, it becomes meaningless. (iii) Faulty Translation: A manager receives much information from his superiors and subordinates and he translates it for all the employees according to their level of understanding. Hence, the information has to be moulded according to the understanding or environment of the receiver. If there is a little carelessness in this process, the translation can be a barrier in the communication. (iv) Unclarified Assumptions: It has been observed that sometimes a sender takes it for granted that the receiver knows some basic things and, therefore, it is enough to tell him about the major subject matter. ThisShow MoreRelatedBarriers Of Communication And The Barrier1502 Words   |  7 PagesBarriers to communication -A barrier is when things stops to go through. There are several types of communication barriers; this causes it to be active. If the first and second types of barriers occur it means that the communication hasn’t gone so well. Sometimes it is not easy to understand and recognise. If they have used skills to understand the communication cycle, it could help them to understand how to communicate effectively. If the communication goes well it helps people trust in relationship’sRead MoreBarriers And Barriers Of Communication843 Words   |  4 Pageshave obstacles that may lead to ineffective communication. Identifying those barriers and working to overcome them, will lead a work c enter to a higher communication competency. My previous office was no different than any other. We had multiple barriers to overcome with our communication efforts. Some of those barriers are common to any workplace: noise and distractions, competing messages and filters (Bovee/Thill, 2016). We also had cultural barriers. These contextual, social, nonverbal, age, genderRead MoreBarriers in Communication1279 Words   |  6 PagesBarriers of communication I. Noise Noise refers to the distraction and interference in the environment in which communication takes place. This affects the accuracy, clarity or event the arrival of the message. Noise can be further classified into four different types. 1. Physical noise. 2. Technical noise. 3. Social noise. 4. Psychological noise. 1. Physical noise Obstruction caused by environmental factors is termed as physical noise. Physical noise may include noise of the other peopleRead MoreCommunication Barrier1418 Words   |  6 Pages Effective communication is an important facet and skills are essential in all spheres of life. 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As a result, message sender’s meanings and the receiver’s response are affected by many factors, such as individual: Semantic barriers Conventions of meaning Physical Barrier Psychological barriers Emotional barriers PerceptualRead MoreBarriers to Communication5413 Words   |  22 PagesBarriers to Communication and Causes of Communication Failure in Businesses Barriers to communication can occur if the recipient has failed to convey the meaning or / and the importance of the message.  · Sender breakdown – too much information is being sent, so the recipient misses key points. Also, language can be difficult to understand, as it can be too complex.  · Method breakdown – when information is very detailed or complicated, then written instructions are better than messages whichRead MoreCommunication Barriers And Language Barriers2116 Words   |  9 PagesFor this assignment, I will provide an accurate definition for each of the six language barriers that we find in this chapter. Bypassing is the simple fact that occurs when the same word or words mean different things to diverse people. Let me give you an example: Once I realize that I am using the bypassing barrier, I will fix the misunderstanding by paraphrasing what my husband tells me followed by asking a few questions to clarify any miscommunication. Additionally, I will use other words or expressionsRead MoreEffective Communication And The Barriers Of Communication Essay1203 Words   |  5 Pageseffective communication and the barriers of communication is very important in the workplace in order for the company to be successful. Every person in the business will have to communicate in one form or another. The better the communication in the workplace the better the relationships with each other. In this article I will help you to understand the processes needed in order to have effective communication in the workplace. I will discuss the importance of effective communication, the barriersRead MoreEffect of Communication Barriers and Overcoming These Barriers1636 Words   |  7 PagesTable of Contents 1.0 Introduction 3 2.0 Types of communication barrier 3 2.1 Physical barrier 4 2.2 Perceptual barrier 4 2.3 Language barrier 4 2.4 Emotional barrier 5 2.5 Information overload 5 3.0 Ways of overcoming these communication barriers 5 3.1 Eliminating physical barrier 6 3.2 Eliminating differences in perception 6 3.3 Simplifying languages 6 3.4 Emotional state 6 3.5 Regulating information flow 6 4.0 Conclusion 7 References 8 â€Æ' 1.0 Introduction Good morning ladies and gentlemen, thank